Návrh řídicího systému pomocí virtuálního dvojčete

There is a need of drastic changes in the field of production from traditional manufacturing to smart manufacturing. Digital twin is the concept which is used for digital representation of a physical system. Digital twin is the key asset for smart factory production line. Production control and planning can be made precise with the help of digital twin in manufacturing process. In this project it is detailed more about how a digital twin system is designed as a parallel process in a production factory by doing palletization of products and transporting out on a conveyor using robotic arm and testing it under laboratory conditions and to specify workplace for the design.Je potřeba drastických změn v oblasti výroby od tradiční výroby až po inteligentní výrobu. Digitální dvojče je koncept, který se používá pro digitální reprezentaci fyzického systému. Digitální dvojče je klíčovým aktivem pro inteligentní výrobní linku. Výrobní řízení a plánování lze pomocí digitálního twin ve výrobním procesu zpřesnit. V tomto projektu je podrobně popsáno, jak je digitální dvojitý systém navržen jako paralelní proces ve výrobním závodě tím, že se provádí paletizace výrobků a transportuje se na dopravníku pomocí robotického ramene a testuje se v laboratorních podmínkách a specifikuje pracoviště pro návrh .450 - Katedra kybernetiky a biomedicínského inženýrstvívýborn

Molecular mechanisms of neutrophil and monocyte recruitment in acute lung inflammation

Neutrophils are implicated in many inflammatory lung disorders. However, the mechanisms regulating neutrophil migration in acute lung inflammation are incompletely understood. Although, integrin β2 mediates neutrophil migration in lungs in response to many stimuli such as E. coli, integrin involved in S. pneumoniae induced neutrophil migration is not known. Therefore, the role of integrin αvβ3 in neutrophil recruitment was tested. First, it was found that the number of neutrophils expressing the integrin subunits αv and β3 is reduced or remains in lung inflammation induced by E. coli or S. pneumoniae, respectively. Next, the role of integrin αvβ3 using β3 knockout mice (β3-/-) and function blocking antibodies was addressed. Neutrophil recruitment did not vary between wild type and β3-/- mice. Although β3 antibodies reduced neutrophil recruitment, similar effect was observed with isotype antibodies. Therefore, one can conclude that integrin αvβ3 is not critical for neutrophil recruitment in S. pneumoniae induced pneumonia. Apart from integrins, TLR4 also regulate neutrophil migration. Because, the pattern of TLR4 expression at various times of lung inflammation is not known, TLR4 expression during different phases of lung inflammation in a rat model of LPS-induced inflammation was studied. TLR4 expression in the septum increased and decreased at 6h and 12-36h of inflammation, respectively. Since these correlate with the time of increase and decline of neutrophil recruitment, the findings support previously observed requirement for TLR4 in neutrophil recruitment. Neutrophils recruited into the lungs regulate the inflammatory process by controlling subsequent monocyte/macrophage recruitment. The mechanisms involved and the pattern of monocyte/macrophage recruitment in lungs are not completely understood. Therefore, the possible involvement of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, which is a premier chemokine in monocyte/macrophage migration and produced by neutrophils and other cells was tested. This was addressed by quantification of monocytes/macrophages at various times and using neutrophil depletion experiments in LPS-induced lung inflammation in rats. It was found that monocytes/macrophages migrate very early and before neutrophils in addition to their migration in the late phase of acute lung inflammation. Neutrophil depletion abrogated both early as well as the late monocyte/macrophage recruitment without altering the expression of MCP-1. Therefore, possibly other chemokines and not MCP-1 are involved in neutrophil dependent monocyte/macrophage recruitment. To conclude, the experiments further the understanding on acute lung inflammation by ruling-out the involvement of integrin αvβ3 and MCP-1 in β2-independent neutrophil migration and neutrophil dependent monocyte/macrophage recruitment, respectively. Further studies are essential to find the integrins and chemokines operating in the above situations. Equally important will be to understand the functional significance of early recruited monocytes/macrophages in the lung

Recent Advances in Reliable Transport Protocols ∗

Transport protocols play a critical role in today’s Internet. This chapter first looks at the recent of the reliable transport protocols. It then explains the growing impact of middleboxes on the evolvability of these protocols. Two recent protocol extensions, Multipath TCP and Minion, which were both designed to extend the current Transport Layer in the Internet are then described.

Using CMT in SCTP-Based MPI to Exploit Multiple Interfaces in Cluster Nodes

Abstract. Many existing clusters use inexpensive Gigabit Ethernet and often have multiple interfaces cards to improve bandwidth and enhance fault tolerance. We investigate the use of Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT), an extension to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), to take advantage of multiple network interfaces for use with MPI programs. We evaluate the performance of our system with microbenchmarks and MPI collective routines. We also compare our method, which employs CMT at the transport layer in the operating system kernel, to existing systems that support multi-railing in the middleware. We discuss performance with respect to bandwidth, latency, congestion control and fault tolerance.

Sctp Multistreaming: Preferential Treatment Among Streams

FCS networks are presented with a new transport layer mechanism that, for transmitting multimedia, is markedly superior to transmission over UDP or TCP. SCTP's multistreaming provides an aggregation mechanism for transferring different objects belonging to the same logical application session; however, sharing the congestion state among the streams precludes efficient stream prioritization. We design an SCTP mechanism to provide the application with the service of being able to mark data such that different parts of a transfer (different streams) could be requested to receive preferential treatment from the network. The data flow within an association is divided into separate Sub-association Flows (SF), each SF having its own set of congestion control parameters. We implemented this design using an SCTP stack from Siemens. A number of experiments show that the streams marked with higher priority achieve much better throughput. We plan to investigate a layered congestion avoidance technique that uses state information from individual sub-flows to allow: dynamic addition of sub-flows without slow start; load balancing between paths and sub-flows; and using network state information to provide intelligent feedback to the application